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Measuring Airport PAPI Lights with low-cost RTK kit

customer project measuring airport PAPI lights
customer project measuring airport PAPI lights

What are PAPI lights?

PAPI Lights (Precision Approach Path Indicator) are a set of four bright lights installed next to a runway. They help pilots know if they are exactly on the correct descent path while landing. Here’s how they work:

  • Each light can shine either white (if the pilot is above the correct angle) or red (if below).
  • When the pilot is at the perfect approach angle, they will see two white lights and two red lights.
measuring airport PAPI lights with low cost rtk kit - what are PAPI lights
How PAPI lights indicate the decent path for a pilot

Airports need to check these PAPI lights and calibrate them regularly to make sure they give correct guidance.

But the traditional process uses special flight inspection aircraft, which is expensive. The customer wanted to create a portable, fast, and accurate system that could measure PAPI light angles in real time, using equipment that could be installed on smaller aircraft or even UAVs.

Portable system for airport PAPI lights calibration

In this project, the customer developed custom software that processed the positioning data from simpleRTK2B – Starter Kit XLR and calculated the PAPI light angles.

measuring airport PAPI lights with low cost rtk kit
Rover is installed on the Plane, RTK base is on the ground
measuring airport PAPI lights with low cost rtk kit diagram
The system installed on the plane

The system was first installed on a UAV, and after successful measurements, it was also installed on a King Air flight inspection aircraft during the latest test. The calibration of PAPI lights at Airport was successfully completed, with results matching the standards and receiving certification from the Civil Aviation Authority.

Subsequently, the system was installed on an Islander aircraft, and with the approval of the Civil Aviation Authority, the first flight inspection operation successfully calibrated the PAPI lights of three runways in under 30 minutes, declaring them operational.

Measurements matched the results of the official flight inspection system

The calibration of PAPI lights was successfully completed, with results matching the standards and receiving certification from the Civil Aviation Authority. The system was able to measure PAPI light angles with very high accuracy. In tests conducted on both UAVs and aircraft, the measurements matched the results of the official flight inspection system. This confirmed that the solution can serve as a reliable and cost-effective tool alongside certified inspection systems.

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